In mammals, mitochondrial fission is mainly mediated by dynamin-like protein 1 (Drp1), which belongs to the GTP enzyme system that is generally located in the cytoplasm. This dynamic balance is regulated by a variety of dynamic related proteins, and it changes with the needs of cell life activities or external stimulation. Mitochondria are highly dynamic in the cell, which maintains the dynamic balance of the mitochondrial network through continuous fission and fusion. In this review, we summarized the latest research results on viral infections and mitochondrial dynamics and discussed in depth how viruses affect mitochondrial dynamics and the pathogenesis of the body after dynamics imbalance, which will provide new ideas for future antiviral treatment strategies. Studies have shown that viruses directly or indirectly target mitochondrial kinetic proteins or change the intracellular environment to disrupt the balance of mitochondrial kinetics, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and thereby promoting self-infection and subsequent body damage.Ĭurrently, the mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and viral interactions are in the preliminary research stage, and there are many questions to be answered. The occurrence of many diseases, such as inflammation, metabolic syndrome, cardiac dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, are closely related to the abnormal mitochondria dynamics, and mitochondrial dynamic balance is very sensitive to changes in cell environment and vulnerable to various cell stress states, thus becoming the target of destruction by many viruses. Mitochondrial dynamics have an important physiological significance. This dynamic balance is mitochondrial dynamics ( Mireille and Slack, 2018). Through the synergistic effect of several dynamic related proteins, the number, morphology, and overall connectivity of mitochondria are adjusted to meet the needs of cells in different environments. Mitochondria are in a dynamic balance of high division and fusion in cells. Additionally, they participate in cell processes such as differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis, signal transduction, and natural immunity ( Trifunovic and Bratic, 2010 Zhang et al., 2018). Mitochondria are important organelles in cells, which produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation and provide energy for metabolism of various substances in cells. By regulating the metabolism and physiological processes of the cell, a virus can change the structure and function of the cells to maintain a living environment that is conducive to virus proliferation ( Xia et al., 2014). It uses the host cell’s metabolic system to synthesize nucleic acids and proteins. Herein, we discuss the mechanism of the virus-induced mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and its subsequent effects on the body, which will help to improve our understanding of the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and viral infection and its importance.Ī virus is a microbe that parasitizes on cells. This creates an intracellular environment that is conducive to viral proliferation and begins the process of its own infection and causes further damage to the body. After viral infection, the dynamic balance of the host cell mitochondria is disturbed, affecting the processes of energy generation, metabolism, and innate immunity. This dynamic balance is highly susceptible to various stress environments, including viral infection. ![]() This maintains the stability of their morphological functions. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that maintain the dynamic balance of split-fusion via kinetic proteins. 2The College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.1Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.Zhihua Ren 1 † Xiaojie Zhang 1 † Ting Ding 1 Zhijun Zhong 1 Hui Hu 2 Zhiwen Xu 1 * Junliang Deng 1 *
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